Халит Ергенч и новата продукция "Великолепният Век" ( Muhteşem Yüzyıl) тема 32

SULEYMAN

It was in 1520 when at the age of 26, becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Suleiman the Magnificent A', great-grandson of Mehmet the Conqueror succeeding his father, Selim A'. Tall, great strength man with rich spiritual qualities. At the age of 7 years studying in Istanbul mathematics, history, literature, theology and military techniques. At the age of 15 years, he began his career as commander of the Ottoman provinces and in order to become a Sultan, he did what the great grandfather ordered. "Any of my sons or my grandsons come to power, may sacrifice his brothers to secure the peace of the world." So he murdered brothers and uncles contenders in order not to worry. He grew up in the camps, as we have said, he had the ability to select qualified partners and to evaluate correctly the information of his advisers. He was favored by fate because he inherited from his father, full of treasure, a disciplined country and also the largest and best trained army in the world, which had higher figures of infantry, cavalry, artillery and mechanic. In the centre of his army were elite legions of janissaries. He had the ability to use all those gifts  for the benefit of the empire, leading it to its peak of glory and power. He doubled the incomes of the state with hard taxes. He built many public buildings and civic projects such as aqueducts, bridges and roads.
THE LIFE IN HAREM

The life in the harem, was comfortable and dull. The day started with cleaning and praying. After drinking coffee, smoking hookah, eating marshmallows and a rich meal, saying the cards. Sometimes they saw Shadows. They went for a walk in the gardens of the palace, where they picked up flowers and played childish games like "blind man's buff", or trying to balance seated backwards on a donkey. In the summers they dived to the fountains to cool off and the sultan threw them pearls and diamonds from his window and chose the odalisque for the night. Another place for the pleasure of sight was the bath. The women of the harem renowned for silky skin---cleaning was also purification and there were about 30 steams..hamams in the palace. Dressed in heavy embroidered cloths, laden with precious stones, the women of the harem, others accepted their fate and others suffocated. But everyone had to obey to the strict rules of feminine society, and whoever didn't obey, was punished with beatings, isolation or threw out of the harem and had no hope of marrying. For more serious offenses (if she stole, if she had spells or sexual activity), the punishment was to throw her choked or live in the Bosphorus."When the Sultan wanted to entertain with an odalisque, whispered their name in the ear of the bas Kadin, which took care to send her in his special rooms. There, the Sultan observed them in calm and when he decided with whom he wanted to lie, he gave her his handkerchief. And when the young slave, washed and dressed, entered the master bedroom, had to walk on four (hands and knees) to go to his bed", the Venetian Ambassador of High Port writes. The inner world of the harem was a tremendous honor to be chosen by the sultan, even for just one night, once automatically rose in the hierarchy. Eventually the harem was this, written in the Koran "The woman is a field, a kind of property that the husband can use as he will" and Turkey's multicultural culture do not enter to the process "to find a royalty to have children not altering our tribe", as they did in the west. The Sultan has got many children and after his death if he had not appointed a successor during his lifetime, beating each other and the strongest of all views, became a Sultan. Easy things.
ROXELANA 

Roxelana or Roxelani or Rozelana was from Ukraine a daughter of a Christian priest ( Alexandra Lisofska). Tatars enslaved her and she was in the slave market of Istanbul. There, the Grand Vizier Ibrahim bought her and he offered her as a gift to Valide Sultan Hafsa. They did her a Muslim immediately and took the name Hurrem ( smiling) for her fun and storytelling skills and she joined the lower ranks of the hierarchy. If we believe the ambassador of the Serenissima Republic of Venice to the Sublime Porte, the girl was "young but not beautiful, was pretty but short." Suleiman, however, who had just returned from the siege of Belgrade where he saw her among the long series of odalisques, both magnitizing from her bright glance and her fireblonde hair, ordered to prepare her for the evening. It seems that he liked the first night with her and asked her the next time and two days after and the day after.... and after...neglecting a harem of three hundred women. The world of the harem in a short time came up down. Mahidevran a beautiful tall woman, who had been renamed Gulbahar (Spring Rose) and was the mother of Mustafa, the eldest son of the Sultan and his successor, did not take long to realize that the sultan had been seductived from the newcomer in the harem and foreseeing the danger to pass in the second degree, as she was first set in the "service of His Majesty," he started doing drills ...one day even she scratched her face with her nails, calling her "traitor" and "filthy meat.' Shortly afterwards, the sultan invited Roxelana to go to him and she refuses to carry out his wish, saying that she was unworthy of his favor, because she had called "Filthy meat." The Sultan asked, learned what had happened and saw the little face of Roxelana scratched and Mahidevran immediately expelled from the palace. Then, Suleiman cling even more upon her, leaving his harem. Roxelana became quickly very dynamic as ever in the history of the Ottoman House. And her power is growing rapidly since she borned Suleiman's son Mohammed and after Selim and Bayezid.
THE SIEGE OF VIENNA

Certainly a big state like the Ottoman Empire wanted wars to feed. So on April 10, 1529 Suleiman left Constantinople with an army 120,000 men, who was accompanied by auxiliaries and 200,000 followers on the Austrian capital, Vienna. En route, the huge army occupied the city and made raids in the countryside to acquire food and slaves. Meanwhile Vienna preparing for the impending conflict in the military leadership of Count Nicholas von Zalm Raifersaint and Wilhelm von Rogkentorf. The task seemed impossible. The city walls, a depth of only 1.5 to 2 meters, was designed to repel invasions of the Middle Ages, and not the advanced artillery of the Turks. The whole Austrian garrison numbered only 20,000 soldiers and 72 cannons. The only aid that arrived in the city was an extract from 700 musketeers from Spain. Despite the drawbacks, of Vienna had several physical factors on increasing defense. The Danube prevent any access from the north and the small navigable channel Wiener, who was in the east, leaving only the south and west unprotected. The Viennese generals have used the most in the weeks preceding the arrival of the Turks. They destroyed houses and other buildings outside the south and the west wall to open shooting ranges for guns and their muskets. They dug trenches and placed various obstacles in the paths of access. Gathered supplies for a long siege within the walls and removed from the city many women and children not only to reduce their food needs and supplies, but also to reduce the terrible consequences if it would defeat the Turks. Vienna helped another factor: the summer of 1529 was one of the most rainy of history. The continuous rains have delayed the advance of the Ottomans and made difficult conditions for the army. When they finally arrived in Vienna in October, winter and caught the defenders were prepared in the best possible way. Suleiman immediately requested the surrender of the city. When they refused, he began a barrage of fire against the walls with 300 guns and ordered to dig under the walls and place explosives to demolish. The Austrians came out from the walls to attack the engineers and gunners and to dig antitafrous. Several times over the next three weeks artillery and explosives of intrusion created small cracks in the walls, but the Viennese soldiers quickly closed the gaps and repulsed any entry in the city. On October 12 the cold winter winds swept Vienna. The letters of Suleiman to Roxelana "Finally, our souls, our thoughts,our imagination, my heart, all my being will be united with you, my only love", showing his mental condition and she responded, "My Lord, your absence, have lit me a fire,that I can not erase. Regret me from suffering and write me a letter, only to be able to find some solace. "

FIRST DEFEAT

Suleiman ordered another attack with the janissaries in chief. Two underground explosions near the southern gate opened for a little way to mercenaries, but the defenders of the city closed the gap and killed over 1,200 enemies. Two days later, Suleiman ordered a final attack and again the Viennese repulsed again with success.This is it...Suleiman had failed for the first time. Dozens of invincibility janissaries until then were killed outside the city walls.The Turkish army had no choice but to burn the huge camp and go back to Istanbul. Before they do this, massacred thousands of prisoners who were caught en route to Vienna. During their course, many more Turks died in the raids of hostile groups who banged the wings of their army. The failure in Vienna did not reduce significantly the power of the Ottoman Empire, but stopped the advance of the Muslims in Europe. Suleiman and his army experienced numerous successes after Vienna, but these victories were in the East against the Persians, not in the West against the Europeans. After the battle of Vienna the Western countries stopped considered unbeatable Turks and the janissaries. If Suleiman conquered Vienna, his army would continue its offensive against the German provinces next spring. Therefore there was a high probability that the empire of Suleiman will eventually reach to the North Sea, despite his alliance with France. In contrast, however, after Vienna, the Ottomans did not dare to attack again in Europe, The power and influence of their empire began to decline slowly but steadily. The unsuccessful siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Turks in 1529 marked the beginning of the long decline of their empire. Also, this stopped the promotion of Islam in central and western Europe, thus ensuring the dominance of Christianity in this region. According to Turkish historiography on the day the Suleiman decided to return to the bosom of his beloved the lagoumtzides had managed to dig a channel in the city without being noticed.



THE RULE OF ROXELANA

Returning to the City Suleiman thinks of marriage. Their marriage was in 1534, described by British observer Sir George Young: "The ceremony took place at the palace and the marriage was celebrated with great pomp. The people gave gifts, homes lit up and decorated with garlands. Everywhere played music, everywhere celebrated, danced everywhere. The Byzantine Hippodrome was a great ceremony. The gallery of Sultan and the sequence was covered with gilded trellises. Through these Roxelania watched the joust in which attended by Christian Knights and Muslim officials, acrobats and jugglers and a parade of wild animals, among which the giraffes stood up with their long necks that reached up to heaven ...». Of course after they have been married, Roxelana should look and the future of her children. There were four boys Mustafa, Mohamed, Bayazid and Selim. These children grew up in an environment that is constantly concerned with evaluating their abilities. The eldest son, Mustafa, was ruled by hereditary right and probably will 'sacrifice' his brothers. Mustafa, born in 1516, was the son of the first sultan, the Mahidevran (Gulbahar). He intended to succeed his father. He was not a random man. He had a strong personality, was respectable, militancy, and in the words of that time, he had all the qualities of his father, without his flaws. He Imposed in the army, and worshiped by the army and the janissaries. Moreover, his father loved him a lot(The future of the empire would be brilliant, led by him... according to Turkish literature). But what mother would think such end to her children. Mustafa slowly slanders and one night by the order of Suleiman strangled with a silk handkerchief from a Janissary .. as the unwritten law stated .. not to spill royal blood. The reason in the corridors of the palace was that he conspired against his father. Apart from Mustafa was someone else standing barrier to Roxelanas fully control the "Magnificent". The Grand Vizier Ibrahim. He was the one who saw Roxelana in the slave trade and gave her to Valide sultan. Born in Parga in 1493, captured by pirates and sold sometime came to the palace. He spoke Greek, Persian, Serbo-Croatian and Italian, and played the lute. When young Prince Suleiman met him, fascinated. The two men became close friends after the enthronement of Suleiman and Ibrahim rapidly to the highest offices of state, culminating in becoming grand vizier in 1528. He was the only one in Ottoman history until then that he had the right and honor to have hung near his tent ..six black ponytails, the war-banner of the sultan, as many as the Sultan himself. The Ottoman government was altered into cohabitation.  In his personal life, Ibrahim was married to Hatice, Suleiman's sister. Truly loved her, but his sexual appetites was satisfied too by an influential merchant and diplomat, Avize Griti. Throughout most of his career, the great vizier had strong backing the mother of the sultan, Hafsa, a dynamic woman who rarely left the side of her son. When Hafsa died, in 1534, through the Minister of Finance Iskenderun Celebi accused Ibrahim that he wanted to share the Sultanate, and this was the beginning of the end of the grand vizier. On March 15, Ibrahim dined with the Sultan, as they used to do the two men, then slept in an adjoining room. The next morning his corpse was thrown out of the palace. He had been strangled at night. The execution was a showdown of Roxelana. This is the story of Roxelana, Valide Hurrem the slave who became Empress. A passionate story of love and intrigue. With Suleiman has other two children the Jihangir and Mihrimah. She died on April 18 in 1558 maybe by heart attack, eight years before her husband, who plunged into melancholy with her death. The mausoleum is next to that of Suleiman. The eldest son of the sehsade (successor) Muhammad, died of smallpox at the age of 21. The second son Selim ascended the throne after the war of intrigue with his brothers. He was fond of pleasures and completely indifferent to military. He easily affected from the harem and the Order of Janissaries. His term coincides with the onset of decline Empire. Ηe tried Ottoman campaign against Russia, which failed miserably, and then conquered Yemen. Despite the warnings of the Vizier Mehmed Sokol occupied Cyprus in 1571, slaughtering much of the population. This move, led to band together the major European powers, Spain, the rule of the Pope, the German Empire, Venice and Malta, and the Battle of Lepanto to destroy the Turkish fleet. He died on December 12, 1574 in the bathroom while he was drunk. The Turkish historians gave him the nickname "Breast," which means drunk.