Ранното детско развитие. Фази, етапи, теории и практики по света и у нас

Аз служебно работя с много майки, много от тях се връщат доста преди годинка на работа. Много се терзаят, наемат бавачки, координират бавачки, градини и роднини в грижите по децата. Никоя, нито една, а те са десетки, ако не и стотици,не се е върнала от обич към професията или скука, а само и единствено за повече пари или за да си запазят позицията или работата. Не ми се иска да се вменява вина на жените, които нямат възможност да са до децата си години наред неотлъчно. Детската градина/бавачката за мен е окей, а през свободното време с родителите. Това е положението...да, системата ни смачква, но...

Positive, Negative, or Null? The Effects of Maternal Incarceration on Children's Behavioral Problems


    Author/Creator: Wildeman, Christopher ; Turney, Kristin
    Is Part Of: IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc, 2012
    Description:   As maternal incarceration may help, harm, or have no effect on child wellbeing, increases in the risk of maternal imprisonment are relevant to scholars interested in both mass imprisonment and the forces that shape inequalities in child wellbeing. Unfortunately, with the exception of a few rigorous studies on educational and birth outcomes, little research has considered the effect of maternal incarceration on child wellbeing after adjusting for differences between children who do and do not experience maternal incarceration. We use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to consider the effects of maternal incarceration on 21 caregiver- and teacher-reported behavioral problems among nine-year-old children. Results show that, after adjusting for confounders, maternal incarceration is positively and significantly associated with just 1 behavioral problem and negatively and significantly associated with just 1 behavioral problem. In models considering both maternal and paternal incarceration, compared to children with neither parent incarcerated, children with only a father incarcerated have significantly more behavioral problems on 17 of 21 outcomes and children with only a mother incarcerated have significantly more behavioral problems on 1 of 21 outcomes. Taken together, our results suggest the average effects of maternal incarceration on children's behavioral problems are null.
    Subjects: Ideas.Repec.Org/P/Pri/Crcwel/Wp12-22-Ff.Html
    Language: English

Working and Watching: Maternal Employment Status and Parents' Perceptions of Their Three-Year-Old Children


    Author/Creator: Bronfenbrenner, Urie ; Alvarez, William F. ; Henderson,, Charles R.
    Is Part Of: Child Development, 1 August 1984, Vol.55(4), pp.1362-1378
    Description: To explain reported differences in effects of maternal employment on the child, the authors investigated the hypothesis that the mother's work situation influences parents' perceptions of their 3-year-old children. The sample consisted of 152 white, 2-parent families. As hypothesized, mothers working full-time painted the least flattering picture of a son and the most complimentary portrait of a daughter (but only if the mother had more than a high school education). The differences remained significant after control for possible confounding by demographic factors or by generalized response sets. Analysis of fathers' descriptions, obtained independently, exhibited the same pattern. Statistical analogues simulating more complex ecological models revealed that maternal employment entails both costs and benefits for the family as a child-rearing system. In contemporary American society, increasing education for mothers appears to catalyze a positive connection between maternal employment and parental perception of daughters but a reverse relationship for sons, or for daughters of mothers with limited education. These differences tend to be accentuated in families with children of only one sex.
    Subjects: Social Welfare & Social Work ; Medicine ; Sociology & Social History ; Psychology;
    Language: English
    Identifier: ISSN: 00093920 ; E-ISSN: 14678624 ; DOI: 10.2307/1130006

Mother's occupational status and children's schooling


    Author/Creator: Kalmijn, Matthijs
    Is Part Of: American Sociological Review, Apr 1994, Vol.59(2), p.257
    Description:   The influence of mother's occupational status on children's educational attainment was examined, and the strengths of maternal and paternal influences were compared. Birth cohorts were used to examine whether the relative influence of mothers has changed.
    Subjects: Occupations ; Mothers ; Children & Youth ; Academic Achievement
    Language: English
    Identifier: ISSN: 00031224 ; E-ISSN: 19398271

Effects of maternal employment on maternal and two-year-old child behavior


    Author/Creator: Crockenberg, Susan ; Litman, Cindy
    Is Part Of: Child Development, Oct, 1991, Vol.62(5), p.930(24)
    Description: CROCKENBERG, SUSAN, and LITMAN, CINDY. Effects of Maternal Employment on Maternal and Two-Year-Old Child Behavior. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1991, 62, 930-953. 94 mothers with 2-year-old children were interviewed about their employment, role satisfaction, and social support and were observed in their homes at dinnertime and in a laboratory compliance task. Hierarchical multiple regressions were used to test main effects of employment, hours employed, and their interactions. Maternal employment adversely affected maternal behavior when satisfaction with social support or with the work role was low, but only in the laboratory. Positive main effects of employment on maternal behavior were observed in the home: employed mothers used less power assertion with their children. Mothers who worked longer hours used more guidance and were more responsive to their children in both settings. In both settings, the effect of poor-quality care on child behavior was greater when mothers were employed, and, in the laboratory, boys of employed mothers were more defiant than boys of nonemployed mothers and girls of employed mothers. Boys with more than one current arrangement were more likely than similarly situated girls to be defiant in the laboratory, but they were also less likely than girls to be cared for by fathers.
    Subjects: Child Development -- Psychological Aspects ; Mother-child Relations -- Research ; Working Mothers -- Psychological Aspects ; Child Psychology -- Analysis
    Identifier: ISSN: 0009-3920

Length of maternity leave and quality of mother-infant interactions


    Author/Creator: Clark, Roseanne ; Hyde, Janet Shibley ; Essex, Marilyn J. ; Klein, Marjorie H.
    Is Part Of: Child Development, April, 1997, Vol.68(2), p.364(20)
    Description: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the length of maternity leave and the quality of mother-infant interactions; 198 employed mothers of 4-month-old infants were interviewed and videotaped in their homes during a feeding time. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated a direct association between shorter length of leave and more negative affect and behavior in maternal interactions with their infants. Infant and mother stressor/protective variables added significantly in predicting the quality of the mother-infant relationship. There were also significant interaction effects between the length of leave and these variables. Mothers who either reported more depressive symptoms or who perceived their infant as having a more difficult temperament and who had shorter leaves, compared with mothers who had longer leaves, were observed to express less positive affect, sensitivity, and responsiveness in interactions with their infants. The public policy implications of the relation between length of maternity leave, maternal and infant individual differences, and the quality of mother-infant interactions are discussed.
    Subjects: Mother-infant Relations -- Psychological Aspects ; Working Mothers -- Psychological Aspects ; Leaves Of Absence -- Psychological Aspects
    Identifier: ISSN: 0009-3920

Have children adapted to their mothers working, or was adaptation unnecessary? Cohort effects and the relationship between maternal employment and child well-being


    Author/Creator: Wills, Jeremiah B. ; Brauer, Jonathan R.
    Is Part Of: Social Science Research
    Description: Highlights ► We study if maternal employment effects on child well-being vary by birth cohorts. ► Regardless of birth cohort, we find maternal employment is mostly inconsequential. ► Children from earlier cohorts show positive effects of having an employed mother. ► These beneficial effects appear to have disappeared in recent cohorts. Drawing on previous theoretical and empirical work, we posit that maternal employment influences on child well-being vary across birth cohorts. We investigate this possibility by analyzing longitudinal data from a sample of children and their mothers drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We introduce a series of age, cohort, and maternal employment interaction terms into multilevel models predicting child well-being to assess whether any potential short-term or long-term effects of early and current maternal employment vary across birth cohorts. Results indicate that maternal employment largely is inconsequential to child well-being regardless of birth cohort, with a few exceptions. For instance, children born in earlier cohorts may have experienced long-term positive effects of having an employed mother; however, as maternal employment became more commonplace in recent cohorts, these beneficial effects appear to have disappeared. We discuss theoretical and methodological implications of these findings.
    Subjects: National Longitudinal Survey ; Socioemotional Development ; Cognitive Development ; Maternal Employment ; Cohort Efforts
    Language: English
    Identifier: ISSN: 0049-089X ; DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.10.004

Parents' work patterns and adolescent mental health


    Author/Creator: Dockery, Alfred ; Li, Jianghong ; Kendall, Garth
    Is Part Of: Social Science & Medicine, 2009, Vol.68(4), pp.689-698
    Description: Previous research demonstrates that non-standard work schedules undermine the stability of marriage and reduce family cohesiveness. Limited research has investigated the effects of parents working non-standard schedules on children's health and wellbeing and no published Australian studies have addressed this important issue. This paper contributes to bridging this knowledge gap by focusing on adolescents aged 15–20 years and by including sole parent families which have been omitted in previous research, using panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Multilevel linear regression models are estimated to analyse the association between parental work schedules and hours of work and measures of adolescents' mental health derived from the SF-36 Health Survey. Evidence of negative impacts of parents working non-standard hours upon adolescent wellbeing is found to exist primarily within sole parent families.
    Subjects: Non-Standard Work ; Mental Health ; Wellbeing ; Adolescents ; Australia ; Work Schedules ; Parents
    Language: English
    Identifier: ISSN: 0277-9536 ; DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.005

The Effects of Parents' Working Conditions and Family Economic Hardship on Parenting Behaviors and Children's Self-Efficacy


    Author/Creator: Whitbeck, Les ; Simons, Ronald ; Conger, Rand ; Ackley, Kevin ; Elder, Glen
    Is Part Of: Social Psychology Quarterly, Dec 1, 1997, Vol.60(4), p.291
    Description:

    In this study we investigated the effects of parents' working conditions and family economic hardship on parenting behaviors, and their subsequent effects on the self-efficacy of adolescent children. We ran separate structural equation models for employed fathers (n 316) and mothers (n 316) in intact, dual-earner families. The models employed panel data at four points in time, and used multiple reporters to reduce measurement error. Both the father's working conditions and the family's economic stress affected the father's parenting behaviors. For employed mothers, in rural dual-earner families, only family economic strain affected parenting behaviors; this finding was attributed to employment characteristics of the women in our sample. Parents' use of inductive parenting techniques and avoidance of harsh parenting behaviours, in turn, contributed to adolescents' self-efficacy. The effects of fathers' working conditions on parenting practices and children's outcomes remained robust even when family economic strain was included in the model.
    Subjects: Sociology & Social History ; Psychology;
    Language: English
    Identifier: ISSN: 0190-2725

The critical role of parenting in human development


    Author/Creator: Marianna S. Klebanov author
    Other Contributors: Adam D. Travis author
    Publisher: New York : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    Date: 2015
    Format: xi, 163 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
    Description: Includes bibliographical references and index.; "This thorough and multidisciplinary overview of childrearing illustrates and stands on two foundational principles: that the importance of parenting is immense, and that it is undervalued. The Critical Role of Parenting in Human Development surprises readers with the realization that the way we were parented in childhood impacts nearly every aspect of our lives. Based in part on cutting-edge research using MRI and fMRI technologies demonstrating that the brains of those traumatized in childhood are essentially different, the book explains that our brain development during our earliest years and in the womb is fundamental to the lives we lead.It covers attachment theory, the impact of corporal punishment on the brain, the effects of emotional abuse and neglect, and the widespread nature of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, describing the process that leads to the transmission of parenting patterns through the generations and explaining how resulting personal issues recur throughout the lifespan. The Critical Role of Parenting in Human Development also examines laws and policies that impact parenting in our culture, making a case for their importance, and describes the effect of childrearing on various aspects of human life, including relationships, crime and violence, economics, mental and physical health, addiction, education, and career issues, among others. Interdisciplinary in nature, this book is a much-needed resource for professionals and students in the psychology, psychotherapy, social work, and related mental health and child welfare fields"--
    Subjects: Parent and child; Parenting -- Psychological aspects; Developmental psychology; Developmental psychology; Parent and child; Parenting -- Psychological aspects
    Language: English
    Identifier: LCCN: 2014006630; $$CISBN
    Catalog Record ID: 991005925289703811

Availability and location:
01TULI - Temple University:

    Available:
        Paley Library Stacks (BF723.P25 K54 2015)

Disengaged parenting: Structural equation modeling with child abuse, insecure attachment, and adult symptomatology


    Author/Creator: Briere, John ; Runtz, Marsha ; Eadie, Erin ; Bigras, Noémie ; Godbout, Natacha
    Is Part Of: Child Abuse & Neglect, May 2017, Vol.67, pp.260-270
    Description: Based on attachment theory, we hypothesized that self-reported childhood experiences of disengaged parenting (DP) would predict adults’ psychological symptoms even more than, on average, childhood sexual, physical, or psychological abuse. In a large (N=640) university sample, bootstrapped multiple regression analyses indicated that although various forms of child maltreatment were correlated with symptomatology at the univariate level, DP was the primary multivariate predictor. Structural equation modeling indicated significant direct paths from (a) DP to both nonsexual child maltreatment and sexual abuse, (b) DP and nonsexual child maltreatment to insecure attachment, and (c) sexual abuse and insecure attachment to symptomatology. There were significant indirect effects of DP on psychological symptoms through sexual and nonsexual abuse, as well as through attachment. These results suggest that although child abuse has direct and indirect impacts on psychological symptoms, exposure to DP may be especially detrimental, both by increasing the risk of child abuse and by virtue of its impacts on attachment insecurity. They also support the potential use of attachment-oriented intervention in the treatment of adults maltreated as children.
    Subjects: Disengaged Parenting ; Child Abuse ; Attachment ; Structural Equation Modeling
    Language: English
    Identifier: ISSN: 0145-2134 ; DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.036

The Effects of Parenting Styles and Childhood Attachment Patterns on Intimate Relationships


    Author/Creator: Neal, Jennifer ; Frick-Horbury, Donna
    Is Part Of: Journal of Instructional Psychology, Sep 1, 2001, Vol.28(3), p.178
    Subjects: Parenting -- Psychological Aspects ; Attachment (Psychology) -- Research ; Interpersonal Relations -- Psychological Aspects ; Children -- Psychological Aspects;
    Language: English
    Identifier: ISSN: 0094-1956

The Longitudinal Link Between Parenting and Child Aggression: The Moderating Effect of Attachment Security


    Author/Creator: Cyr, Maeve ; Pasalich, Dave ; McMahon, Robert ; Spieker, Susan
    Is Part Of: Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 2014, Vol.45(5), pp.555-564
    Description: This study examined whether infant attachment security moderates the association between parenting in preschool and later aggressive behavior among a sample of children at high risk for developing conduct problems. Participants were 82 adolescent mother–child dyads recruited from the community. Infant attachment status at age 1 year was measured using the Strange Situation. When children were aged 4.5 years, mothers reported on their self-efficacy in regards to parenting, and mothers’ positive parenting and criticism were coded from direct observations of parent–child interactions. In grade 1, mothers reported on their children’s aggressive behavior. Infant secure attachment significantly moderated the association between observed maternal criticism and child aggression. That is, among insecurely attached children, higher levels of maternal criticism were associated with more severe aggression. This longitudinal finding suggests that a secure attachment may buffer the deleterious effects of harsh parenting on child aggression.
    Subjects: Attachment ; Conduct problems ; Parenting ; Socialization
    Language: English
    Identifier: ISSN: 0009-398X ; E-ISSN: 1573-3327 ; DOI: 10.1007/s10578-013-0424-4

Parent Attachment, Childrearing Behavior, and Child Attachment: Mediated Effects Predicting Preschoolers' Externalizing Behavior


    Author/Creator: Roskam, Isabelle ; Meunier, Jean - Christophe ; Stievenart, Marie
    Is Part Of: Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2011, Vol.32(4), p.170-179
    Description: Attachment theory provides an interesting background for thinking about externalizing behavior (EB) in early childhood and for understanding how parenting influences the child's outcomes. The study examined how attachment and parenting could be combined to explain preschoolers' EB. Data were collected from 117 preschoolers aged from 4 to 6 clinically referred for EB and their parents from a middle-high income population. Child attachment was measured with the "Attachment Q-set"; parent's remembered attachment in the family of origin with the "CaMir". Child attachment played a crucial role in mediating the link between parent attachment and EB as well as the link between parenting and EB. Paternal attachment displayed a direct and an indirect effect through controlling parenting and child attachment on child EB. Maternal attachment was a distal predictor associated with EB through child attachment, and independent of controlling parenting. These results are discussed with their applied and scientific implications. (Contains 5 figures and 1 table.)
    Subjects: Child Rearing; Attachment Behavior; Parents; Parent Child Relationship; Predictor Variables; Behavior Problems; Young Children; Mothers; Fathers; Parenting Styles
    Language: English
    Identifier: ISSN: 0193-3973 ; DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2011.03.003

Direct and indirect effects of contextual factors, caregiver depression, and parenting on attachment security in preschoolers


    Author/Creator: Hopkins, Joyce ; Gouze, Karen R. ; Lavigne, John V.
    Publisher: Routledge
    Is Part Of: Attachment & Human Development, 01 March 2013, Vol.15(2), p.155-173
    Description: The aim of this study was to develop a multiple-level-of-analysis model of preschool attachment security and to determine the processes (direct and indirect) whereby factors from different domains (e.g., stress and parenting) are related to attachment during this period. This study examined the direct and indirect effects of stress, family conflict, caregiver depression symptoms, and parenting on attachment security in a large ( N  = 796) and diverse sample of 4-year-olds. This study used the 3-Boxes Task to assess aspects of parenting critical to sensitivity in the preschool period, labeling this construct sensitivity/scaffolding. Parent-report questionnaires were used to assess stress, conflict, caregiver depressive symptoms, parent support/engagement, and parent hostility/coercion. Direct observation (3-Boxes Task) was used to assess sensitivity/scaffolding and attachment (Attachment Q-Sort) based on a 2½–3 hour home visit. Results of structural equation modeling indicated a good overall fit for the model. Among the parenting variables, sensitivity/scaffolding had the strongest effect on attachment. Depressive symptoms had both direct and indirect effects (mediated by parenting). The effects of stress and family conflict were mediated by caregiver depression symptoms and parenting. These data show that a developmentally appropriate measure of sensitivity plays a significant role in attachment security in preschoolers. Thus, strategies designed to enhance sensitivity/scaffolding may increase child resilience by enhancing attachment security.
    Subjects: Preschool Attachment ; Parenting ; Depression ; Context
    Language: English
    Identifier: ISSN: 1461-6734 ; E-ISSN: 1469-2988 ; DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2013.750702